Indian Journal Of Animal Health

Review Article

MESENCHYMAL  STEM  CELLS AND ITS  POTENTIAL  USE IN  CELL  THERAPY- AN  OVERVIEW

M. KUMAR, B. C. DAS AND S. BAG .......................... 73 -88

Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry

Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science

Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University

Varanasi, U.P. 221 005

Stem cells play a central role in the normal growth and development of animals and human having the capacity of self renewal and the potential to differentiate into one or more cell types depending on the in vivo signals. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have generated a great amount of interest over the past decade as a novel therapeutic potential for a variety of diseases. Presently MSC based clinical trials have been conducted in many kinds of pathological conditions, like spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson disease, stroke, bone healing, cardiac repair, tendon healing etc. Many completed trials demonstrated the safety and efficacy. Clinical application of MSC are mainly attributed to their important four biological properties, i.e. ability to home to sites of inflammation following tissue injury; to differentiate into various cell types; to secrete trophic factors capable of stimulating recovery of injured cells and inhibiting inflammation and to perform immunomodulatory functions. Furthermore, genetic modification of MSCs has provided prospects for clinical use in many diseases. Here we are highlighting the importance of mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of different disease conditions.

Key words: Mesenchymal stem cells, Clinical trials, Therapeutic potential, Trophic factors, Tissue injury

Review Article

AN  OVERVIEW  OF  POULTRY  PRODUCTION  IN  INDIA

R.N. CHATTERJEE AND U. RAJKUMAR ........................89 - 108

Directorate of Poultry Research

Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana

The poultry sector in India has undergone a paradigm shift in structure and operation from a mere backyard activity into a major commercial agri based industry over a period of four decades. Development of high yielding layer (310-340 eggs) and broiler (2.4-2.6 kg at 6 wks) varieties together with standardized package of practices on nutrition, housing, management and disease control have contributed to spectacular growth rates in egg (4-6% per annum) and broiler production (8-10% per annum) in India. The annual per capita availability also increased to 60 eggs and 2.5 Kg of meat, consistently with increase in productivity. Chicken dominates the poultry production in India with nearly 95% of the total egg production and the rest is contributed by ducks and others. FAO classified poultry production systems into four categories based on the volume of operation and level of biosecurity, i.e., village or backyard production, commercial production with low biosecurity, large scale commercial with high biosecurity and industrial and integrated production systems. Feed accounts for 65-70% of broiler and 75-80% of layer production cost. Maize is the popular cereal used in combination with protein meal like soybean meal which generally determines the cost of compounded feed.  To minimize the occurrence of disease in poultry the three most important components of disease control are bio-security, vaccination and medication. Bio-security refers to all measures taken to secure prevention of all types of pathogens in poultry farms. Effective bio-security and implementation of successful hygienic procedures are increasingly dependent on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point approach (HACCP). There is a worldwide concern to minimize the use of antibiotics in poultry because of disease resistance and antibiotics residues in food chain. Exports of poultry produce are very low, about Rs.651crores per annum and the trade is very small in global market. Village or backyard poultry production can be advantageously promoted in rural areas, as the large commercial poultry production continues to be concentrated in urban and peri - urban locations which has proven to be powerful tool for alleviation of rural poverty, eradication of malnutrition and creation of gainful employment in vast rural areas. The poultry production in India continues to exhibit spectacular growth inspite of several challenges encountered over the years. With increasing demand for chicken egg and meat, the poultry production in India foresees further expansion and industrialization. With the advent of knowledge in different fields of poultry, the future challenges will not be a hindrance and thus sees a bright future for poultry production in this country.

Key words: Poultry production, Poultry industry, Village poultry, Diseases, Marketing, Feed resources

Research Article

STUDIES ON DERMATOPHYTOSES IN SHEEP AND GOAT  IN WEST BENGAL, INDIA

M. K. BISWAS, C. DEBNATH, T. MITRA, S. BAIDYA1 AND S. PRADHAN ............................................................................. 109 -114

Department of Veterinary Public Health

Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences

Kolkata-700 037, West Bengal

The study was undertaken to determine the species of dermatophytes prevalent in sheep and goats in two large districts of West Bengal, India. Among 345 goats and 234 sheeps examined for the presence of skin lesions (small, occult, scattered lesions) during 2012 to 2013, 32 and 19 animals, respectively, were found positive for characteristic skin lesions. Examination of positive skin lesions confirmed the presence of various dermatophyte species from goats and sheeps (6.1% and 6.4%, respectively). Trichophyton verucossum was the most common species isolated from sheeps followed by T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, M. canis and T. rubrum. Among goats, Microsporum gypseum was the most common species isolated followed by T. verucossum, T. mentagrophytes, and T. rubrum. Lambs less than 6 months of age were found to be less susceptible to infection than the older animals. The rate of dermatophytes infection was found to be higher in the summer and autumn, as compare to spring and winter. Higher rainfall and humidity along with increased temperature was found to be most congenial for propagation of pathogens in animals and man.

Key words: Dermatophytes, Sheep, Goat, Microsporum, Trichophyton

Research Article

MOLECULAR  CHARACTERIZATION  OF  EXON-2 OF  BONE  MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-15 (BMP-15)  GENE  IN  PROLIFIC  GAROLE  SHEEP  USING PCR-SSCP METHOD

RAJ KUMAR, S. TARAPHDER, A.K. SAHOO, P.K. DAS, R. PAUL AND D. RAJA

..............................................................................115 - 122

Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding

West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences

Kolkata-700 037, West Bengal

The present investigation was envisaged on a total of thirty two randomly selected prolific ewes of Garole sheep breed with an objective to explore the presence of polymorphism in exon-2 of Bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) gene using PCR-SSCP method. The PCR amplification of target region of BMP-15 gene was resulted in a product size of 141 bp length. Following silver staining of the SSCP revealed only one type of banding pattern having three distinct bands indicating no variation in all samples studied. The research finding of the present study was the absence of polymorphism at the exon-2 of BMP-15 gene in Garole sheep. The frequencies of both wild genotype (++) and wild allele (+) of exon-2 of BMP-15 gene were 1.0.

Key words: Garole sheep, Polymorphism, BMP- 15 gene, PCR-SSCP

Research Article

NUTRITIONAL  STATUS  OF  DAIRY  COWS  AT  VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL  STAGES  IN  DHARMAPURI  DISTRICT  OF TAMIL  NADU

V. MEENALOCHANI, C. CHANDRASEKARAN, M. MURUGAN, M. PURUSOTHAMAN, P.VASANTHAKUMAR

............................................................................ 123 - 132

Veterinary University Training and Research Centre

Dharmapuri, Tamilnadu– 636 703

Data on feeding practices and nutritional status of lactating dairy cows of Dharmapuri district was recorded. A total of 213 dairy cows of various physiological activities were selected and nutritional status was ascertained through data collected on body weight milk yield and feed intake. The deficit per cent of nutrient intake of DMI, TDN, CP and Ca in mid lactation of second calving pure Jersey cross (Jx) and Holstein Friesian cross (HFx) dairy cows were 1.46 and 1.32 kg/day and 986 and 900 g/day and 411 and 398 g/day and 14.84 and 37.6 g/day and phosphorus was excess by 8.31 and 16.24 g/day, respectively as compared with NRC (2001). Further, if the feeding was as per NRC (2001) recommendation  in Jx  and HFx  on regression analysis an addition yield of 4.63, 3.46 and 3.26 liters per day and 4.26, 3.55 and 3.89 liters per day could be expected in early, mid and late lactation respectively. This leads to the expected net profit of Rs. 36.69, 39.58 and 44.9 per day in Jx and Rs. 35.41, 36.67 and 23.12 per day respectively in HFx during early, mid and late lactation

Key Words : Nutritional status, Dairy cows, Physiological stage

Research Article

EVALUATION  OF  GRADED  GIR  CATTLE  IN PASCHIM MEDINIPUR  DISTRICT  OF  WEST BENGAL

S. DAS, D. SANA  AND T. GUPTA ....................... 133 - 138

Frozen Semen Bull Station

Salboni, Paschim Medinipur

West Bengal, Pin- 721 147

A study was conducted in the district of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal to evaluate the performance of graded Gir cattle of the field obtained through breed upgradation programme following existing breeding policy of the state. Average yield and best yield of graded Gir cows of alluvial, lateritic and overall district were 4.82±0.68 and 5.85±0.71; 5.99±0.65 and 7.21±0.75; 5.40±0.49 and 6.53±0.54 kg, respectively. The dam’s average yield of alluvial, lateritic and overall district were 2.60±0.58, 2.71±0.13 and 2.66±0.28 kg, respectively. Age at first heat of alluvial, lateritic and overall district was estimated as 36.25±2.75, 35.00±3.11 and 36.63±1.94 months, respectively.

Key words: Gir, Breed up-gradation, Graded Gir, Breeding policy

Research Article

SALMONELLOSIS  IN  COMMERCIAL  LAYER  POULTRY BIRDS  IN  CERTAIN  PARTS  OF  INDIA : PREVALENCE  AND   ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE  PATTERNS

Piruthiviraj Kumar B., S.  M. GOGOI, A. A. DESHPANDE  AND  A. B. GULHANE 

.............................................................................. 139 - 148

Globion India Pvt. Ltd,

Research and Development Department,

1st Floor, Plot No. 8, Devi Towers, Chandragiri Colony,

Trimulgherry, Secunderabad

Telengana-500015

The aim of the study is to assess the seroprevalence of Salmonella biovars causing infections in Indian commercial layer birds followed by isolation and characterization of the etiological agents for demonstration of their resistance towards different antibiotics. Sera samples were collected from 225 commercial layer flocks located in different parts of India and tested for antibodies against S. gallinarum and S. pullorum by Rapid Plate Agglutination Test (RPAT). Total 240 swab samples were collected from the 40 (17.78%) flocks which were found to be seropositive. Salmonellae were isolated from ten (4.17 %) samples, out of which 7 (70%) were identified as S. gallinarum and rest 3 (30%) as S. pullorum. The isolates were assessed for their antibiotic resistance pattern towards 18 different antibiotics by disc diffusion method. All the strains exhibited resistance towards Erythromycin and Doxycyclin  hydrochloride and sensitivity towards Amikacin, Gatifloxacin and Levofloxacin. The drug resistance pattern recorded in the study brings forth the problems associated with injudicious use of antibiotics and seeks to highlight the need of alternative strategies to curb the threat of Salmonellosis.

Key words: Salmonellosis, Indian poultry, Antibiotic resistance, RPAT

Research Article

MYCOBACTERIUM  AVIUM  SUBSPECIES  PARATUBERCULOSIS  AMONG  BOVINES  IN  KRISHNA DISTRICT  OF  ANDHRA  PRADESH,  INDIA: A  SEROLOGICAL  SURVEY

H. DIDUGU, R. N. RAMANIPUSHPA, CH. E. NARASIMHA REDDY, M. ANITHA DEVI, S. BHASKRARAMARAJUSAGI

............................................................................. 149 - 154

Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory

Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, Pin-520 010

The present study was aimed to assess the seroprevalence of paratuberculosis among bovines using commercial enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay as a serodiagnostic aid. Four hundred sixty samples (60 indigenous cattle, 60 cross bred cattle and 340 buffaloes) were collected randomly from various villages during the months of September, 2014 to February, 2015 in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India and tested with IDEXX®paratuberculosis antibody test kit. Results revealed an overall seroprevalence of 2.82% among large ruminants. Among cattle, 10.83% (18.33% from indigenous and 3.33% from cross bred cattle) were found positive. None among the 340 samples of buffaloes revealed any positives. Presence of antibodies against bovine paratuberculosis in the studied area indicates the need of continuous epidemiological studies among animals to periodically assess the prevalence and mode of transmission. There is an utmost need to put the animal legislations to proper use for control and eradication of diseases like JD, along with proper financial assistance to livestock farmers to cope with the loss of animal.

Key words: Buffaloes, Cattle, Johne’s disease, Prevalence

Short Communication

MANAGEMENT  OF  POSTPARTUM  UTERINE EVERSION  IN  A  SHE  GOAT- A  CASE  REPORT

N. S. RESUM  AND P. KOUR ...................................155 - 156

Veterinary Officer

Military Farm, Jammu

Jammu and Kashmir, Pin- 180003

This study reports a case of postpartum uterine prolapse and its successful clinical management in non-descript doe goat.

Key words: Doe, Uterine prolapsed, Management

Short Communication

SURGICAL  MANAGEMENT  OF  TEAT  SPIDER  AND  TEAT FISTULA  IN  A  DAIRY  COW

L. BHOWMIK , P. K. KHAN, S. BHOWMICK, R. BOSE, S. ROY, N. J. MAITRA, P. MUKHERJEE AND S.  K. NANDI

............................................................................. 157 - 158

Ramkrishna Asram Krishi Vighyan Kendra

P.O.- Nimpith Ashram, South 24 Parganas

West Bengal, Pin-743 338

This case report represents a clinical study of 3.5 years of age crossbred Jersey cow presented in cattle farm of RAKVK, Nimpith with the history of leaking milk from left hind teat, physically diagnosed as teat spider alongwith teat fistula and thereby it’s successful surgical management.

Key words : Teat spider, Teat fistula, Cow, Surgery