Protection of feed protein from rumen degradation is important in productive ruminants which need diet with high concentrations of crude protein. The protein supplied through rumen microbial fermentation may fall short of the nutrient demands placed on the animals during the early growth period, lactation, or stress conditions. Protected protein bypasses the rumen and provides additional essential amino acids for absorption in the small intestine. Therefore, inefficient use of the feed nitrogen may be avoided using rumen protein protection technology. Although naturally protected protein sources such as cottonseed cake, maize gluten meal, coconut cake, etc. can be used, protection of feed protein can be achieved through various techniques such as tannin supplementation, formaldehyde treatment, heat treatment alone or in combination with organic acids, or directly protecting amino acids from rumen degradation through various physical and chemical methods such as encapsulation, use of alcohols, tannins, bentonite, aldehydes etc. Supplementation of rumen protected or bypass protein in ruminants increases nutrient utilization, nitrogen retention, and overall amino acid availability without negatively affecting rumen fermentation. Calves supplemented with rumen protected protein demonstrated better growth parameters such as improved average daily gain and feed utilization efficiency. In productive animals, supplementation of bypass protein demonstrated higher milk yields and better overall reproductive performance in terms of early postpartum oestrus, reduced prepubertal period, and improved pregnancy maintenance. Therefore, large-scale application of rumen protected protein technology is an important strategy to achieve quality livestock production and to improve nutrient utilization with minimal wastage of limited feed resources.

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